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Beauty is a characteristic
of a person, place, object or idea that provides a perceptual
experience of pleasure, meaning or satisfaction . Beauty is
studied as part of aesthetics, sociology, social psychology and
culture. As a cultural creation, beauty has been extremely
commercialized. An "ideal beauty" is a person who is admired, or
possesses features widely attributed to beauty in a particular
culture. Beauty Advice
A number of historical individuals have become icons of beauty,
including Cleopatra VII, Helen of Troy, and Marilyn Monroe.
The subjective experience of "beauty" often involves the
interpretation of some entity as being in balance and harmony
with nature, which may lead to feelings of attraction and
emotional well-being. "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder" is
a common phrase that expresses this concept. In its most
profound sense, beauty may engender a salient experience of
positive reflection about the meaning of one's own existence. An
"object of beauty" is anything that reveals or resonates with
personal meaning.
The classical Greek adjective beautiful was καλλός. The Koine
Greek word for beautiful was an adjective etymologically coming
from the word meaning hour. In Koine Greek, beauty was thus
associated with "being of one's hour". A ripe fruit (of its
time) was considered beautiful, whereas a young woman trying to
appear older or an older woman trying to appear younger would
not be considered beautiful. in Attic Greek had many meanings,
including youthful and ripe old age.
History of beauty
The earliest Western theory of beauty can be found in the works
of early Greek philosophers from the pre-Socratic period, such
as Pythagoras. The Pythagorean school saw a strong connection
between mathematics and beauty. In particular, they noted that
objects proportioned according to the golden ratio seemed more
attractive. Ancient Greek architecture is based on this view of
symmetry and proportion. Modern research also suggests that
people whose facial features are symmetric and proportioned
according to the golden ratio are considered more attractive
than those whose faces are not.
Symmetry is also important because it suggests the absence of
genetic or acquired defects. Although style and fashion vary
widely, cross-cultural research has found a variety of
commonalities in people's perception of beauty. Large eyes and a
clear complexion, for example, are considered beautiful in both
men and women in all cultures. Neonatal features are inherently
attractive and youthfulness in general is associated with
beauty.
Human beauty
The characterization of a person as “beautiful”, whether on an
individual basis or by community consensus, is often based on
some combination of inner beauty, which includes psychological
factors such as personality, intelligence, grace, charm and
elegance, and outer beauty, which includes physical factors,
such as health, youthfulness, symmetry, averageness, and
complexion.
Inner beauty
Inner beauty is a concept used to describe the positive aspects
of something that is not physically observable.
While most species use physical traits and pheromones to attract
mates, some humans claim to rely on the inner beauty of their
choices. Qualities including kindness, sensitivity, tenderness
or compassion, creativity and intelligence have been said to be
desirable since antiquity.
However new research comparing what humans claim to find
attractive to their actual mating habits underlines the
superficiality of "inner beauty," underlining the fact that the
human animal relies on physical traits and pheromones just like
every other animal to find a mate. That said, whether "inner
beauty" does or does not measurably affect humans' mating
habits, some traits classified as "inner beauty" do give an
evolutionary survival advantage to either the individual or
mating couple or group or all three.
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